Data Sources:

Step 1: CEO birthplace information collection

1. Biography websites: Wikipedia, NNDB, Forbes, etc. 

2. Profiles of CEOs on company official websites and social medias.

3. Google Search: Use various versions of each CEO's name (sometimes combine with company names), combined with relevant keywords such as "born", "birthplace", etc. 

Step 2: CEO birthplace cultural background measurement

Hofstede cultural dimension scores: Hofstede country comparison tool (Country comparison tool (hofstede-insights.com) ).

Information Screening Criteria:

We examine related text results from various data sources to judge the birthplace of CEOs and search the Hofstede cultural scores according to each CEO's birth country to confirm their cultural background variables' values.